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Meanings Into Words | Unit-6 | Reporting


 Meanings Into Words

(Upper-Intermediate)
STUDENT'S BOOK
HSEB
Class: XII
SCIENCE | MANAGEMENT | EDUCATION | ARTS

6.1 REPORTED SPEECH

To change direct speech into indirect:
1. Change in RV
                        Said = said that
                        Said to = told
            If it is question:
                        Said/said to = asked
            Imperative sentences:
                        Said/said to =ordered, requested, commanded

2. Changes in RS
            1. We should not use comma and inverted comma in the indirect speech
S O N
1 2 3
            2. Pronoun Change: 
  • First Person (I, We) = Su
  • Second person (you) = Object
  • Third person (He, she, it, they) = no change

3. Tense Change:
         a) Present = Past tense
                  V1/V5                           = V2
                   Is/am/are+V4               = Was/were + V4
                   Has/have + v3             = had + V3
                   Has/have + been + V4 = had + been +V4
           b) Past Tense
                     V2                   = had +V3
                    Was were + V4 = had been + V4
                     c) Future Tense:
                              Shall/ will = Should/would
                     d) Model Auxiliary:
                              May = might
                              Can = could

4. Time Adverbials change
                        Today = that day
                        Tomorrow = the next day
                        Yesterday = the day before
                        Here = there
                        Come = go
                        These =those
                        This = that
                        Ago = before
                      Tonight = that night
                       Now = then
                        Hence = thence
                        Thus = so

5. How to change Wh-questins into indirect?
           [ RV + Wh-word + sub + aux + verb + obj.]
                We shoud change pronoun and tense.
                 We should put subject before aux.

6. How to change yes/no questions into indirect?
              [ Rv + if/ whether + sub + aux +verb + obj .]
                    We should use if/whether in yes no question.
                    We should change the position of aux and subject.

7. How to change imperative sentences?
                Positive = to
                Negative =not to.
   Example:  He said to me, “Don’t smoke”.
                    He told me not to smoke./ He suggested me not to smoke.

Practice
Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

Rules: (only for this exercise)
He said that……. (in every sentences)
I=he, we=they, present=past, will =would

      1. ‘I’m from Melbourne.’
             He said that he was from Melbourne.
      2. ‘I like it here.’
            He said that he liked it there.
      3. ‘I don’t earn much money.’
            He said that he didn’t earn much money.
      4. ‘I’ve got a cousin in America.’
             He said that he had got a cousin in America.
      5. ‘I’ll be staying in New York for a month.’
              He said that he would be staying in New York for a month.
      6. ‘I’ll go to Canada too if I have time.’
              He said that he would go to Canada too if he had time.
      7. ‘I’ve been to all art galleries in London.’
              He said that he had been to all art galleries in London.
      8. ‘I’ve been sleeping in friend’s flat’
              He said that he had been sleeping in friend’s flat.

Q. Report these remarks made by ministers.
1. ‘We are going to do all we can to help industry.’
     He said that they were going to do all they could to help industry.
2. ‘Unemployment figures have been falling for several months.’
     He said that unemployment figures had been falling for several months.
3. ‘The last government didn’t do anything about unemployment.’
     He said that the last government hadn’t done anything about unemployment.
4. ‘These proposals are being considered carefully.’
     He said that those proposals were being considered very carefully.
5. ‘Things won’t get better unless we work together.’
     He said that things wouldn’t get better unless they worked together.
6. ‘I fully support the Prime Minister’s views.’
    He said that he fully supported the Prime Minister’s view.
7. ‘I am sure we will win the next election.’
    He said that he was sure they would win the next election.
8. ‘I can’t say any more until I have talked to the Prime Minister.’
     He said that he couldn’t say any more until he had talked to the Prime Minister.                   

6.2 CONFLICTING REPORTS

            Rule : Opposite Past.
            To make conflicting, we should make the statement opposite
            Then we should change the statements into past tense for reporting.

1. I’m starving. I could eat a horse.
    But you told me just now you weren’t hungry
2. Oh looks. It is raining.
    What? But they said on the weather forecast it was going to be sunny.
3. The rent is £25 a week.
    But when I spoke you earlier you said it was only  £15 a week.
4. Can I have one of your cigarettes?
    But I thought you had given up smoking.
5. Sorry. This is the private beach. Members only.
   But I was told anyone could bathe here.
6. I’d love to come, but I have got this essay to finish.
   What? I thought you said you were free.
7. Didn’t you get me a ticket?
    No, I didn’t realize you wanted to come.

6.4 KINDS OF STATEMENT

Choose appropriate verb from the list, report the remarks below. Begins with the words given.
Admit, explain, assure, deny, point out, claim, insist, warn, accuse.

1. ‘You are under no obligation to buy the drill if you don’t like it.’
      - The salesman assured Mr. Lock that he was no under obligation to buy the drill if he didn’t like it.

2. ‘I don’t want the drill, because it doesn’t work.’
     - Mr Lock explained that he didn’t want the drill.

3. ‘The same drill can be bought locally for £ 10 less.’
    - Mr Lock pointed out that the same drill could be bought locally for £ 10 less.

4. ‘You broke the drill by using wrongly, and you still owe us £ 45.’
     - Bargain Electrics claimed that he had broken the drill by using it wrongly, and that he still owed them £ 45.

5. ‘I didn’t break the drill”
    - Mr Lock denied that he had broken the drill.

6. ‘The drill reached you in perfect condition.’
    - The Managing Director insisted that the drill had reached him in perfect condition.

7. ‘If you do not pay the balance within seven days, we will have to take legal action.’
   - The Managing director warned him that if he didn’t pay the balance within seven days, they             would have to take the legal action.

8. ‘You are interfering in a private matter.’
  - The Sales Manager accused them of interfering in a private matter.

9. “Mr. Lock has been right all along – the drill was wrongly assembled in the factory.
    - The Managing director admitted that Mr. Lock had been right all along and that the drill had been wrongly assembled in the factory.

Composition (page: 61)
Tourists
            A tourist is a person who leaves his house for at least 24 hours to visit new places. There are two types of tourists: internal tourists, and external tourists. Internal tourists are those who visit within their national border for entertainment and for holidays. External tourists are those who leave their national border and they visit strange places away from their homeland. For examples, a man goes from Nepalgunj to pokhara to see Phewa Lake and Machhapuchhre, he is a internal tourist. If a person comes from the USA to see mt Everest and goes to Namche Bazaar, he is the external tourist.
            Tourism is also called the greatest smokeless industry of the world. Every country wants to attract more and more tourists because they are the sources of foreign currency. Due to the tourists many people get jobs as in hotels, trekking agencies, travel agencies and so on. It increases employment and National income. In terms of Nepal, nature has given every beautiful thing for the attraction of the tourists. But we don’t have the good policy and facilities for the tourists. Government should make proper planning to attract more and more tourists. Let’s hope Nepal will be the best destination for the attraction of the tourists.


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