Meanings Into Words
(Upper-Intermediate)STUDENT'S BOOK
HSEB
Class: XII
SCIENCE | MANAGEMENT | EDUCATION | ARTS
5.1 HOW LONG?
Rules:
1. Activities: if the action is not complete and the actor could not show his achievement, that is activity.
Question: How long did + sub + v1 +obj + for?
Prepositions: Period of time = for
Point of time = until
2. Achievement: If the action is complete and the actor could show his/her achievement what he/she had done, that is achievement.
Question: How long did it take + sub (objective form) + to + v1 + obj?
[he = him, she = her, they = them, I = you]
Prepositions: Period of time = in
Point of time = by
Practice:
a) Ask the question with “How long……?”
b) Answer it, using the words in brackets.
1.They talked on the telephone. (20 minutes)
How long did they talk on the telephone for?
They talked on the telephone for 20 minutes.
2. She painted the bathroom ceiling. (6 o’ clock)
How did it take her to paint the bathroom ceiling?
She painted the bathroom ceiling by 6 o’ clock.
3. We played golf on Sunday. (dusk)
How long did you play golf on Sunday for?
We played golf on Sunday until dusk.
4. He mowed the lawn.(ten minutes)
How long did it take him to mow the lawn?
He mowed the lawn in ten mi mutes.
5. I wrote all my letters. (lunchtime)
How long did it take you to write all your letters?
I wrote all my letters by lunchtime.
6. We had to change the wheel. (five minutes)
How long did it take you to change the wheel?
We had to change the wheel in five minutes.
7. He watched television. (late movie came on)
How long did he watch television for?
He watched television until late movie came on.
8. I read the whole War and Peace. (two weeks)
How long did it take you to read the whole War and piece?
I read the whole War and Peace in two weeks.
9. She did some piano practice. (bedtime)
How long did she do some piano practice for?
She did some piano practice until bedtime.
10. She waited at the bus top. (ages)
How long did she wait at the bus stop for?
She waited at the bus stop for ages.
5.3 LONGER THAN YOU EXPECTED
Rules:
- Result in negative past + for/until + (Time)
- It was + (time) + before + result in positive past.
OR
- Sub + didn’t + v1 + object + for/until + (Time)
- It was + (time) + before + Sub + v2 + obj.
Complete the sentences.
1. I wrote to my mother by airmail, but in fact….. ( two weeks)
She didn’t get the letter for two weeks.
It was two weeks before the letter reached her.
2. I intended to have an early night but as it happened …. (midnight)
I didn’t get to sleep till midnight.
It was midnight before I got to sleep.
3. I said he could borrow the record for a few days, but …(six week)
He didn’t give it back for six weeks.
It was six weeks before he gave it back to me.
4. It was supposed to be a short meeting, but…. (three hours)
It didn’t finish for three hours.
It was three hours before it finished.
5. She set us some homework for Monday, but as I was away for the weekend…. (Tuesday)
I didn’t finish it till Tuesday.
It was Tuesday before I finished it.
6. He was invited to dinner but typically….. (after 9 o’clock)
He didn’t arrive till after 9 o’ clock.
It was 9 o’ clock before he arrived.
7. The job was supposed to take three weeks, but unfortunately, …….(nearly two months)
They didn’t finish it for nearly two months.
It was nearly two months before they finished it.
Writing (page 49)
Q.Write a short article for a magazine entitled ‘keeping a dog in a flat’
10th March, 2010
The Kathmandu Post
Keeping a Dog in a Flat’
People have been keeping dogs from ancient time. Dog is taken as a friend of human beings. They are kept as if our family members. It is an obedient animal. It loves its master either the master is rich or poor. It is said that to keep as dog in a flat is hundred times better than to keep a watchman in our house. A watchman may deceive us but a dog never cheats us. It guards our house day and nights without any selfish desire. It keeps the thief away from our house. Nowadays people keep dogs in their flat not only for security of their house but also for their interest to keep pet small dogs. With its keen sense of smell an hearing, dogs keep our house safe.
Keeping a dog in a flat is very difficult job though numerous prefer to do it. One who desires for it at least should have knowledge of what, how and why. Otherwise, keeping a dog in a flat is a troublesome job.
The owner should have knowledge on what he has to do. The first essential task is to teach the puppy about the time and place of doing excretion in teaching. Training is however not all in all. A good owner should know the way to talking care of dog. Dogs usually like flesh, so they should be fed with meat. Dogs should be vaccinated against various diseases. Otherwise they might cause rabies, which is very dangerous. It keeps our house safe from burglars and unwanted visitors. It is really useful for us.
Composition (Page 51)
Caricature
Caricature
“Caricature”, the word means exaggeration of something. It is a kind of art to distort physical features of a person or an object. Artists create caricature basically with two purposes: to make us to laugh and to inform those who have done mistakes for reformation. A cartoon or caricature tells many things easily with in a second than in our words. Nowadays we see basically our political leaders become the subject matter of caricatures.
On our daily newspapers and magazines, we see cartoons of our corrupted leaders as will as the high ranked officials who have done corruptions and illegal works. People laugh at their cartoons. In Nepal there is the caricature festival that is cow festival or Gai Jatra. At that time, many artists release albums, songs and visual videos for the purpose of satire and laughing. At that time we find magazines with full of cartoons. People get the information that the person is not of having good nature. The culture of cartoon or caricature is a common culture in the world. It could be found in every country and their aim is to make us laugh and to give information. The comedy artists also do caricatures of our political leaders in many comedy programs on televisions. They speak, dress and walk as if the corrupted leaders.
In conclusion, caricature means the cartoons of our newspapers and magazines. To satire over the corrupted person and their wrong works, the artists make caricatures. It can convey a lot of message with a small picture of a caricature.
Q. Can tell you what people’s characters are like from their physical appearance?
It is said that face is the reflection of his/her personality and character. People’s character can be determined, to some extent, from their physical appearances. Many people find it impossible thing too but I don’t suppose so. After observing a person’s facial appearance minutely, I can determine nature of the person. If the person’s noise is crooked, such person is egotistical. S\he has high opinion about him\her. Other people for them are nothing in comparison to themselves. People with broad forehead are generally thoughtful. They have the tendency of thinking seriously before they do any work. They like to get involved in the observation of natural beauty. They are intellectual. Quick thinking and imaginative, but wish to know excessively about others people’s activities. People having double chin are skeptical. People who put clothes carelessly never worry about what other think about them. Such people are interested only in merrymaking and enjoyment. Quite contrarily, people who always wear clean clothes are interested in showing their superiority. They have high opinion about themselves. Nevertheless exception works in some cases.
Comments
Post a Comment